Lagos, Port Harcourt Embrace Innovative PM2.5 Monitoring with AI and Sensor Technology

A bold new initiative is underway to address the pressing challenge of urban air pollution in Lagos and Port Harcourt, two of Nigeria’s most densely populated and pollution-impacted cities. The development was announced in a statement by the Air Quality Monitoring Research Group (AQMRG) at the University of Lagos, which is serving as the lead institution for the project.

The 18-month project, officially launched on February 1, 2025, combines low-cost sensor technology with artificial intelligence (AI) to monitor and analyze fine particulate matter (PM2.5) along major transport corridors. It is funded by the Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago (EPIC), known for its global leadership in energy and environmental policy research.

The project—“PM2.5 Monitoring and Policy Recommendations for Lagos and Port Harcourt Transport Systems Using Low-Cost Sensors and Artificial Intelligence”—aims to close longstanding data gaps in Nigeria’s air quality infrastructure and provide a robust, science-based foundation for policy reform.

PM2.5 refers to airborne particles small enough to bypass the body’s natural defenses, entering the lungs and bloodstream and contributing significantly to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. With sparse air quality monitoring systems across the country, this initiative marks a critical step forward in evidence-based environmental health planning.

According to Dr. Rose Alani, Project Lead and Associate Professor of Environmental Chemistry at the University of Lagos, the deployment of real-time monitoring tools is long overdue.

“For too long, policymakers have been forced to make decisions without clear data on pollution from urban transport. Our goal is to change that—starting with Lagos and Port Harcourt.”

Key Project Components:

• 15 low-cost sensors: 10 in Lagos, 5 in Port Harcourt

• 12-month continuous monitoring of PM2.5 along key transport routes

• AI-powered analysis to identify pollution trends and inform forward-thinking policies

• Open-access data portals to enhance transparency and civic engagement

In Lagos, notorious for its traffic congestion, and Port Harcourt, which contends with both industrial emissions and black carbon pollution, the need for reliable air quality data is especially urgent.

Prof. Vincent Weli, Director of Weather Forecasting Services at NiMet Abuja and Professor of Atmospheric Science at the University of Port Harcourt, emphasized the local relevance of the project.

“Port Harcourt faces compounded air quality issues due to oil-related activities. This initiative will help us establish a clear baseline and develop science-backed solutions tailored to the city’s unique pollution profile.”

AI integration stands out as a game-changer for Nigeria’s environmental strategy. Dr. Davies Rene Segera, an AI and environmental data expert from the University of Nairobi, explained,

“AI brings a level of sophistication and forecasting power that’s been missing in Nigeria’s air quality management efforts. Our models will enable forward-looking policies instead of reactive measures.”

Beyond research and monitoring, the project emphasizes practical impact and collaboration with regulatory agencies. Dr. Babatunde Ajayi, General Manager of the Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA), highlighted the importance of translating data into action.

“At LASEPA, we’re focused on ensuring environmental data leads to real regulatory outcomes. With solid, localized data, we can better advocate for clean transport systems that safeguard public health.”

Mr. Abdul Muizz Ogbara, Research and Evaluation Specialist at the Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority (LAMATA), echoed this focus on policy alignment.

“This work aligns with our goals to create a more sustainable and efficient urban transport network. Evidence-based decisions are key to achieving that.”

On a national scale, the project also includes mapping all existing air quality monitoring efforts across Nigeria and publishing a comprehensive report to guide future coordination and investment.

Richard Sserunjogi, from the AirQo team providing technical support and platform development, described the project as a model for effective interdisciplinary action.

“This project is a model for how data science and environmental science can converge to address urgent public health issues. We are excited to ensure that this data is accessible, usable, and impactful.”

At the research level, young scientists are already gaining valuable experience. Mr. Nnanna Onyema, a PhD student working on data collection and analysis, expressed enthusiasm for the project’s broader impact.

“Being part of this project is a chance to contribute meaningfully to a cleaner, healthier future for Nigerian cities, while gaining hands-on experience in both research and community impact.”

Project Objectives:

1. Improve access to air quality data related to transport emissions in Lagos and Port Harcourt

2. Leverage AI to forecast future PM2.5 emission trends

3. Establish baseline data on transport-related air pollution (TRAP) in both cities

4. Identify strategies to bridge national air quality monitoring gaps

5. Disseminate findings to raise public awareness and inform stakeholder engagement

 

As Lagos and Port Harcourt move toward smarter and more sustainable urban development, this initiative represents a timely and transformative leap in the fight for clean air and healthier cities.